Structure and Function of Copper Peptides

The structure of copper peptide: It is the product of the complex between glycyl histone lysine tripeptide and copper ions. The structural formula is shown in the following figure:
In the GHK Cu complex, copper ions interact with the N atom on the imidazole ring of the histidine side chain, while the other N atom comes from the amino group of glycine and the deprotonated amide nitrogen between glycine histidine peptide bonds.
The functions of copper peptides: The main functions of copper peptides include: effectively promoting the production of collagen, increasing vascular growth and antioxidant capacity, and stimulating the production of glycosaminoglycan, helping the skin restore its ability to self repair; Promote the growth and differentiation of epithelial cells, thereby accelerating wound healing; As an activator of tissue remodeling, it can also promote the growth, division, and differentiation of nerve cells, immune related cells, and glomerular cells, and stimulate the production of epidermal stem cell proliferation markers, integrins, and p63.