Preparation Method Of Peptides

There are many traditional methods for obtaining peptides. The traditional methods mainly include microbial fermentation, acid method, alkali method, electrical method, artificial grafting method, gene expression method, enzymatic hydrolysis method, etc.
·Microbial fermentation method: The production process technology of microbial fermentation method mainly converts large molecular globulin into small molecular peptides through modern microbial fermentation technology. By controlling the metabolism and fermentation conditions of microorganisms, peptides with different amino acid sequences and molecular weights can be produced. During the fermentation process, the free amino acids produced are reabsorbed and utilized by microorganisms, without feedback inhibition on their metabolism. Through the metabolic process of microorganisms, amino acids and small peptides are transferred and rearranged, and certain peptide groups are modified and recombined. For example, soybean peptides produced by microbial fermentation from soybean meal as raw material change the inherent amino acid sequence of soybean protein, modify the hydrophobic amino acid end of the peptide, make soybean peptides less bitter, more active, and endow them with some biological activity functions. They belong to the high-tech scope of biotechnology, have high technological content, and can be applied in industries such as food, fermentation, feed, pharmaceutical, cosmetics, and plant nutrition enhancers. It has a very wide range of applications and a very broad prospect for development and application.
·Acid method: The method of using strong chemical acids to catalyze proteins to obtain peptides is called acid method. This method requires a large investment, occupies a large area, has complex processes, causes high pollution, and is difficult to control molecular weight. The product has chemical residues, making it difficult to form functions and achieve industrial production. It is still in the laboratory to this day.
·Alkaline method: The method of catalyzing proteins with strong chemical bases is called alkaline method, which leads to the same result as acid method.
·Electrical method: The method of electrolyzing proteins is called electrical method, which has obvious advantages, low production cost, and better taste compared to enzymatic hydrolysis.
·Artificial grafting method: It is the selective directional grafting of amino acids produced by fine chemical engineering. This method is basically operated by machines, with a large production volume, inactive peptides, and unclear physiological functions.
·Gene expression method: a method of isolating and extracting from animal blood or tissue, collectively referred to as gene expression method. This method is mainly used for researching and producing "peptide drugs". Representative products include thymosin, thymopentin, interferon, interleukin-1, interleukin-11, interleukin-11, human serum albumin, immunoglobulin, immunoglobulin, tumor cell necrosis factor, etc.
·Enzymatic method: The method of catalyzing proteins with biological enzymes is called enzymatic method. Enzymatic methods have made breakthroughs and innovations on the basis of traditional methods, adapting to the requirements of low-carbon economy and green environmental protection. Enzymatic method is the use of biological enzymes to catalyze proteins to obtain peptides, which are protein degradation and artificially synthesized peptides. Enzymatic methods are milder and more environmentally friendly than acid, alkali, and electrical methods. The production process is simple, with low investment and quick results, suitable for industrial production. Peptides obtained by enzymatic methods have easy molecular weight control, rich green properties, no bitterness in the produced peptides, small molecular weights (mostly below 1000), and do not require digestion for direct absorption. These small molecular peptides have important biological functions such as power, carrier, transport, neurotransmitter, and nutrition, especially with strong activity and diversity. [1]
·Hydrolysis method
Peptides can be hydrolyzed from dietary proteins through chemical methods or obtained manually. It is composed of the polymerization of two or more amino acids and is crucial in regulating cellular physiology and metabolic functions.