Chemical Synthesis And Other Methods

Chemical Synthesis Method
The development of chemical synthesis method is relatively early, with in-depth research and mature technology, which has been widely used in the production of highly active pharmacological peptides. According to the synthesis medium, it can be divided into liquid-phase synthesis and solid-phase synthesis. Liquid phase synthesis is a traditional method of chemical synthesis and an effective approach for synthesizing concentrated peptide fragments of small molecule peptides. The solid-phase synthesis method emerged in the 1960s, and its superiority lies in the fact that the solid-phase carrier facilitates the fixation, cyclization, deprotection, and purification of the continuously growing peptide chains in synthesis, and is easy to achieve automation. However, the expensive equipment and reagents used severely limit its application in large-scale production. Mainly used for synthesizing peptides containing 10-100 residues or for rapidly establishing peptide libraries for screening. The disadvantages of chemical synthesis methods are that the synthesized sequence is short, there are many by-products, the time is long, the efficiency is low, the product needs to be separated and purified, and the cost is high. In addition, the synthetic reagents used in production are highly toxic, causing environmental pollution and harming human health.

Gene Recombination Method
Gene recombination requires a long-term research and development phase. Once a gene recombination system is established, inexpensive raw materials can be used to ferment and produce peptides in large quantities. However, the gene recombination method has disadvantages such as difficulty in manipulating small molecule gene fragments, difficulty in expression, difficulty in detection, difficulty in screening highly expressed strains, and low yield. The types of peptides prepared are limited and cannot produce amide peptides, nor are they suitable for preparing short chain peptides. Therefore, it has significant limitations and is only limited to the production of active peptides and proteins for large molecule drugs.

Microbial Fermentation Method
Microbial fermentation is a new method for producing peptides, which has good advantages. The strains used are mostly molds, bacteria, or yeast. Through the fermentation of active microbial cells, a rich protease system is produced, which directly acts on macromolecular plant proteins and degrades them into small molecule proteins and peptide substances. Its advantages lie in the wide source of microbial protease, high enzyme yield, short production cycle, and low production cost. Through microbial fermentation, flavor substances such as alcohol and lactic acid can also be generated, which can directly mask bitterness. The prepared products have good sensory characteristics such as flavor and color, so this method has great development prospects.